[HSF] RV failure management strategies

Michael Firstenberg msfirst at gmail.com
Fri Dec 1 12:18:45 EST 2006


I my limited experience - it is never too late.
We had a young adult on an LVAD with a failing right heart and all of  
the systemic end-organ problems (and then some) to go along with it.   
We took him a week after his LVAD for a RVAD which helped greatly.

Your lady didnt have a PE?
   interesting with right heart failure - usually the PA pressures  
drop as the CVP goes up.  High PA pressures are not always bad as  
they tend to show some degree of functional reserve - although for  
how long, is unclear.

but you said she was oxygenating and ventilating ok?

hmmmm - very tough case


m


On Dec 1, 2006, at 12:13 PM, prasannasimha wrote:

> Lost the battle. Was planning starting mechanical support when  
> patients PA pressures shot up and became equisystemic and did not  
> respond to iNO etc etc and followed by hemodynamic collapse.
> Incidentally how late is late when starting RVAD. I would say  
> earlier the better but how late could it still work ?
> Prasanna
>> It sounds like its going to be mechanical support or death.  I  
>> understand the reluctance to re-cannulate the right atrium, so use  
>> a long venous cannula throught the femoral or jugular vein.  I  
>> question the fear of cannulating the pulmonary artery with a small  
>> bore tube and suitably pledgeted purse string(s).  I also think  
>> that the RVAD flows don't need to be that high (1-2 liters per  
>> minute) with a centrifugal pump.  Heparinization at low levels  
>> should also be suitable.  On the other hand, if this is  
>> irreversable pulmonary vascular disease then your goose is cooked  
>> (American idiom).
>>
>> Ed Bender, MD
>>
>>
>> ---- prasannasimha <prasannasimha at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>  Why not an RA PA pump - Michael - her RA was plain friable and  
>>> took plenty of time just to get hemostasis. (She was having a sky  
>>> high CVP with blubbery tissues when I opened her initially  
>>> itself) . I think I will have a mess if I touch her RA and PA  
>>> now. She is still oozing at her puncture sites so heparinising  
>>> her would be a big challenge for me. Blood products are difficult  
>>> to obtain too so having her on RVAD would be ending in  
>>> exsanguinating her in the situation I am in. At least now I have  
>>> some things in control even if not really OK.
>>> Prasanna
>>>
>>> Michael Firstenberg wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hmmmm,
>>>> Sounds like my kinda case - want to ship her to me?
>>>>
>>>> How come you dont want to run a RA-PV pump?
>>>>
>>>> Low platelets?
>>>> HITTs?
>>>>
>>>> Just curious - how are you going to feed her?
>>>>    I know a few people who like TPN (yuck yuck yuck) with open  
>>>> chests to make nursing care easier and safer.
>>>>
>>>> Although, sounds like you are making progress -> winning the  
>>>> battle, stay the course.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> -michael
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Dec 1, 2006, at 9:43 AM, prasannasimha wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Michael,
>>>>> She was a case of severe calcific MS with LA clot severe TR  
>>>>> with pretty bad RV function. She was on inotropes prior to  
>>>>> surgery and was in low output. She had a TIA and so was taken  
>>>>> semi-emergently. She could not lie down and was urgently  
>>>>> intubated and required  rapid institution of CPB. Surgery was  
>>>>> pretty uneventful (No clot was seen in the LA and I presume it  
>>>>> had embolized during the TIA) and the heart was contracting  
>>>>> well as long as not loaded. While loading  The situation was  
>>>>> good LV contractility, RV poor EF (on Echo) . Low LAP and high  
>>>>> transpulmonary gradient. We initially managed by giving  
>>>>> pulmonary vasodilators etc and had to give systemic  
>>>>> vasoconstrictors to maintain the SVR which was low Tried to use  
>>>>> iNO - did not help . We could wean off CPB and she was pretty  
>>>>> coagulopathic and after the usual burn and stitch for a couple  
>>>>> of hours (ill advisedly) closed her and had to immediately open  
>>>>> her due to tamponade due to a clot over the PA. Kept the chest  
>>>>> open.
>>>>> At present she is still on multiple inotropes. CI is wavering  
>>>>> between 2.4- 3.0. Bleeding seems to have stopped . I had opened  
>>>>> up everything and washed the pericardium and sutured a plastic  
>>>>> sheet back.
>>>>> No evidence of sepsis.
>>>>> I also like to "run em dry" and actually the patient is passing  
>>>>> good urine and I have a PD catheter with mini-cycling to reduce  
>>>>> edema.though she requires a CVP of around 12-14 to maintain  
>>>>> hemodynamics. Her creat is pretty normal and her only abnormal  
>>>>> parameter  are her platelets and bilirubn which is marginally  
>>>>> high (probably going to keep rizing further!!)
>>>>> I usually do not paralyze all open chests and keep them on  
>>>>> Morphine and Ketamine infusions which usually deeply  
>>>>> anesthetises them without the need to paralyze them. I have  
>>>>> seen this been done with pediatric patients and they argue that  
>>>>> "micromovements" is actually good in mobilizing tissue  edema  
>>>>> by lymphatics.
>>>>> (Patients actually do not move around when on the infusion but  
>>>>> have preserved muscular tone if you get what I mean) though I  
>>>>> do give them a relaxant if they breath spontaneously and this  
>>>>> causes incoordination which they rarely do. One of my residents  
>>>>> had lowered the drug infusion temporarily to see the CNS  
>>>>> status !! That is how I know she was "awakable"
>>>>> Did give her a shot of Methypred but no use.
>>>>> RVAD in her is impractical for "practical" reasons. I have an  
>>>>> IABP in place. I cannot do a bail out Glenn because her PVR is  
>>>>> high.
>>>>> At present following a wait and watch till edema comes down .
>>>>> Prasanna
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Michael Firstenberg wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Something does not quiet sound right with his hemodynamics -  
>>>>>> and maybe I need to think about this more and look at the  
>>>>>> actual numbers.
>>>>>> But, if your RV is failing - which it sounds like it is, then  
>>>>>> you would have low preload delivered to the left heart and  
>>>>>> this should (please all corrected me if I am wrong) result in  
>>>>>> a higher SVR as a systemic compensatory measure.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Coming into this a little late (missed some of the other  
>>>>>> comments)
>>>>>> 1) Is your patient septic - and maybe the overall cardiac  
>>>>>> function can not keep up enough
>>>>>>     there may be a little zosyo-penia or the vanco receptors  
>>>>>> may not be adequately saturated.
>>>>>> 2) What is the renal function?
>>>>>>     From what you are describing, probably poor - are you on  
>>>>>> CVVH yet?
>>>>>>     If not - I am a firm believer of the voodoo of dialysis of  
>>>>>> "evil humors"
>>>>>>     If this is truly right heart failure - maybe getting  
>>>>>> volume off acutely (even on tons of drugs) may bring you to a  
>>>>>> more favorable part of the Starling curve
>>>>>>     I have a little experience with acute ultra-filtration   
>>>>>> (even with "marginal urine output") is sucking some of these  
>>>>>> people dry which works!
>>>>>>        May cause ARF (which should improve with time?) - but  
>>>>>> your current path will most likely knock out the beans forever
>>>>>>        (better to have a live patient on dialysis than a  
>>>>>> potential kidney donor?)
>>>>>> 3) You said "open chest" and patient actually woke up.
>>>>>>      Is it correct to assume that he/she is pharm. paralyized?
>>>>>>     I have also seen more than a few patients with "lap-pad"  
>>>>>> tamponade.  Even though the chest is open, there are too many  
>>>>>> or a few stratigically placed pads (particularly if they are  
>>>>>> placed for bleeding) than compress the RV.
>>>>>> 4) Fixed-dilated pupils?
>>>>>>     Hmmm - no idea, but it aint over til its over
>>>>>>    I am sure we have all seen comatose patients wake up quite  
>>>>>> contrary to the Glascow data (which I am sure have a reprint  
>>>>>> somewhere knowing you - read: compliment)
>>>>>> 5) Acute adrenal insuff.  ->  when in doubt, steroids
>>>>>>     I had a medical school professor who said that no one  
>>>>>> should die without the benefits of steroids.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> There seems to be a lot going on with your very sick patient  
>>>>>> and I tossed out a few "kitchen" sink ideas.
>>>>>>      yes, a RVAD/Ecmo may help - but does not solve all of  
>>>>>> your problem
>>>>>>     though with an open chest an RA-RV circuit with stuff you  
>>>>>> have around may be enough.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have seen a few recent "mazes" in otherwise healthy hearts  
>>>>>> have similar problems - not sure what to make of it - anyone  
>>>>>> else?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Good luck - keep us up to date
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -michael
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Nov 30, 2006, at 9:40 PM, prasannasimha wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Can the list members enumerate their management strategies  
>>>>>>> for RV failure.
>>>>>>> This is for two reasons. _ one for th3e Wiki and presently
>>>>>>> I have  a patient who was in low output  and taken for a semi  
>>>>>>> emergency MVR with maze with TV plasty. Patient had RV  
>>>>>>> dysfunction and congestive hepatopathy. Had a difficult wean  
>>>>>>> - LV good but RV function was pretty poor. Patient is in  
>>>>>>> coagulopathy which seems to have decreased .No mechanical  
>>>>>>> problem on epicardial echo.
>>>>>>> Patient has an open chest and has adequate CI (PA cath with  
>>>>>>> CCO) has a high PVR and low SVR and is requiring multiple  
>>>>>>> inotropes (Dopa = Dobut +Adrenaline + Norad +Milrinone and  
>>>>>>> Vasopressin on one hand and multiple vasodilators on the  
>>>>>>> other (getting constrictors via the central lumen of the IABP  
>>>>>>> and dilators via the PA catheter) . I put the IABP as the  
>>>>>>> patient has OK CI but low pressures due to a vasoplegic state  
>>>>>>> and was worried that the coronary flow may not be adequate  
>>>>>>> creating a vicious spiral 9and is helping in maintaining  
>>>>>>> pressures).
>>>>>>> Funny thing is patient has bilateral dilated and fixed pupils  
>>>>>>> but has actually woken up once !! (On an infusion of morphine  
>>>>>>> + Ketamine)
>>>>>>> Prasanna
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